The advent of 5G technology marks a revolutionary step in connectivity, offering unparalleled speed, reliability, and scope for innovation. However, this transformative technology also introduces substantial security risks. As global dependence on 5G grows, prioritising its security is essential.
5G technology is poised to transform communication, offering vast improvements over 4G with higher data speeds, reduced latency, and capacity for connecting numerous devices. This has the potential to revolutionise sectors like healthcare, transport, smart cities, and manufacturing.
Nevertheless, the expansion of 5G networks and the increasing number of devices depending on these networks heighten security concerns.
Enhanced attack surface
The substantial increase in connected devices within a 5G framework significantly enlarges the potential attack surface. A Statista report indicates over 1,000 5G devices, including FWA equipment and hotspots, with phones being predominant, are either available or soon to be launched.
More devices translate to greater convenience but also more opportunities for cyberattacks. Each connected device, whether in smart city infrastructures or healthcare systems, could be a potential gateway for cybercriminals.
Particularly concerning is the rise of IoT devices enabled by 5G. These often-small devices, limited in resources, frequently lack advanced security features, making them vulnerable to hacking and potential access points for larger network attacks. Securing IoT devices in a 5G ecosystem is thus a critical issue.
Network slicing challenges
5G’s network slicing capability, while efficient, introduces security complexities. This feature allows a single physical network to be divided into multiple virtual networks tailored to specific applications. However, securing each segment independently is vital.
Ensuring stringent isolation and segmentation to prevent unauthorised access and data leakage is crucial. A breach in one segment could enable lateral movement to others if strict separation is not maintained.
Strategies for mitigating 5G security risks
Integrating security into the design of 5G networks and devices is fundamental. Security must be a foundational aspect, not an afterthought.
In network slicing, applying enhanced authentication and specific configurations for each slice is essential to maintain a Zero Trust architecture.
5G network providers should implement ongoing monitoring and frequent updates to address vulnerabilities. Sharing threat intelligence and real-time monitoring are key to defending against new threats. Collaboration among governments, industries, and international organisations is crucial to develop global standards and best practices for 5G security. Harmonising security measures ensures consistent and robust protection across the ecosystem.
Implementing strong encryption protocols is also critical for data protection, both in transit and at rest, within 5G networks.
The shift to 5G brings extraordinary technological progress and connectivity. However, it also accompanies significant security challenges that must be proactively addressed. Recognising and responding to the evolving security landscape in the 5G era is imperative.
Marcin Bala is CEO of telecommunication networks company Salumanus.
