Deutsche Telekom, Orange, Telefónica and Vodafone have signed a letter of intent to explore a joint bid for European Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) spectrum, in a move aimed at expanding direct-to-device connectivity and strengthening Europe’s control over critical communications infrastructure.
The four operators said the proposed initiative would support the European Commission’s ambitions for greater digital sovereignty, security and resilience, while enabling mobile network operators (MNOs) across Europe to offer direct-to-device (D2D) services on open and non-discriminatory terms.
D2D technology allows compatible mobile devices to connect directly to satellites, potentially extending coverage to remote and underserved areas beyond the reach of terrestrial mobile networks.
The operators argue that a coordinated approach could reduce fragmentation in the European market, increase consumer choice and accelerate the integration of satellite connectivity into existing mobile networks. Pooling their customer bases, network capabilities and operational expertise could also help improve spectrum efficiency and speed up deployment.
Under the proposed model, the operators would establish ground network infrastructure in Europe, alongside coordination and monitoring functions. They would not invest directly in a satellite constellation. Instead, a satellite partner, which has yet to be selected, would provide the space infrastructure and associated deployment expertise.
The arrangement would combine the operators’ European market access and governance with an established satellite provider’s technology, although the commercial structure and technical details of the proposed partnership have not yet been disclosed.
The initiative is intended to support connectivity in areas with limited terrestrial coverage, improve the resilience of public networks and protect critical communications. The operators also identified the development of a European satellite constellation as an ambition.
However, the letter of intent marks an exploratory stage rather than a confirmed spectrum bid or a commitment to deploy a satellite service. The companies said the initiative would not replace their existing satellite partnerships.
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